(নোট: যদিও আমি আমার নিজের কয়েকটি প্রশ্নের উত্তর দিয়েছি, তবুও এই পোস্টের নীচে আমার কোনও উত্তর নেই।)
যখন আমি bash কমান্ড লাইন থেকে নিম্নোক্ত কমান্ড চালাতে এটি কাজ করে।
ssh -t -v my-rails-project@192.168.29.205 sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
এবং ssh verbose আউটপুট হয়:
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.29.205 [192.168.29.205] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 192.168.29.205:22 as 'my-rails-project'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:EnDsn2kFQgiA56e4B2UuvDr3ajTLlN7/15lxLItnjUQ
debug1: Host '192.168.29.205' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg rsa-sha2-512 blen 279
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to 192.168.29.205 ([192.168.29.205]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug1: client_input_global_request: rtype hostkeys-00@openssh.com want_reply 0
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8
debug1: Sending command: sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
সঠিক একই লাইন একটি bash স্ক্রিপ্ট এবং আমি পেতে
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.29.205 [192.168.29.205] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 192.168.29.205:22 as 'my-rails-project'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:EnDsn2kFQgiA56e4B2UuvDr3ajTLlN7/15lxLItnjUQ
debug1: Host '192.168.29.205' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
দুই আউটপুট লাইন এ বিভাজক (লিপি)
debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1
(কমান্ড লাইন)
debug1: Found key in /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts:1
আমি জানি না যে বিবর্তন সমস্যাটি নির্দেশ করে।
তাই আমার প্রশ্ন হল:
কেন স্ক্রিপ্ট থেকে চলাকালীন ssh /root/.ssh/known_hosts দেখছেন এবং কমান্ড লাইন থেকে রান করার সময় /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts দেখছেন?
অবিলম্বে আমার নিজের প্রশ্নের উত্তর:
আচ্ছা, আমি এটি লেখার সময় ডাইভারজেন্সটির উত্তর পরিষ্কার হয়ে গেল: আমি স্ক্রিপ্টটি চালাচ্ছিলাম
sudo myScript
তাই আমার আরও প্রশ্ন হল: আমি কীভাবে ssh কে /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts পরিচিত_হস্টসের জন্য ব্যবহার করব?
অবিলম্বে উপরে আমার নিজের প্রশ্নের উত্তর
গবেষণা একটি বিট উত্তর আমাকে নেতৃত্বে https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10765946/ssh-use-known-hosts-other-than-home-ssh-known-hosts
তাই এখন আমার কমান্ড লাইন এখন দেখায়
ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts -t -v my-rails-project@192.168.29.205 sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
যখন আমার সামনে সুডো না থাকে তখন আবারো উপরের কমান্ড লাইন কাজ করে। যখন আমি এটির সামনে একটি সুডো ব্যবহার করি তখন এটি ব্যর্থ হয়। Verbose আউটপুট হয়:
my-rails-project@my-rails-project:~$ sudo ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts -t -v my-rails-project@192.168.29.205 sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
[sudo] password for my-rails-project:
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.29.205 [192.168.29.205] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 192.168.29.205:22 as 'my-rails-project'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:EnDsn2kFQgiA56e4B2UuvDr3ajTLlN7/15lxLItnjUQ
debug1: Host '192.168.29.205' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
my-rails-project@my-rails-project:~$
এবং সুডো এবং অ-সুডো ক্রোবোজ আউটপুট কাছাকাছি শব্দের তালিকা শেষের কাছাকাছি ডুবে যায়
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
my-rails-project@my-rails-project:~$
প্রশ্ন:
আমার ব্যক্তিগত কী জন্য /root/.ssh এর পরিবর্তে /home/my-rails-project/.ssh ব্যবহার করার জন্য ssh কীভাবে বলব এবং এখনও টার্গেট সিস্টেমে সুডো করব?
অবিলম্বে আমার নিজের প্রশ্নের উত্তর:
দিকে তাকাও http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/ssh.1.html
সুতরাং এখন ssh কমান্ড লাইন (একটি -i বিকল্প)
ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts -i /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa -t -v my-rails-project@192.168.29.205 sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
এবং তারপর আমি কিছু (ssh?) ছাড়া একটি পাসওয়ার্ড জন্য জিজ্ঞাসা আছে সাফল্য আছে। আউটপুট এখন মনে হচ্ছে:
my-rails-project@my-rails-project:~$ sudo ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts -i /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa -t -v my-rails-project@192.168.29.205 sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.29.205 [192.168.29.205] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 192.168.29.205:22 as 'my-rails-project'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:EnDsn2kFQgiA56e4B2UuvDr3ajTLlN7/15lxLItnjUQ
debug1: Host '192.168.29.205' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg rsa-sha2-512 blen 279
Enter passphrase for key '/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa':
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to 192.168.29.205 ([192.168.29.205]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug1: client_input_global_request: rtype hostkeys-00@openssh.com want_reply 0
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8
debug1: Sending command: sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
প্রশ্ন:
আমি নিম্নলিখিত প্রম্পট পেতে:
Enter passphrase for key '/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa':
কিভাবে আমি পাসওয়ার্ডের জন্য এই অনুরোধটি দমন করব?
আমি আমার মেশিনে উভয় (Ralph07 এবং Ralph12) /etc/sudoers.d/ralph ম্যাসেজ করে পাসওয়ার্ডগুলির জন্য সর্বাধিক অনুরোধগুলিকে দমন করতে সক্ষম হয়েছে।
# This script should only be run on Ralph07
my-rails-project ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12
# This script should only be run on Ralph12
my-rails-project ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish