কোনও ব্যবহারকারীকে মূলের পরিবর্তে ব্যবহার করতে সেটআপ করা হয়েছিল। যতক্ষণ না আমি ব্যবহারকারীর সেটিংস দিয়ে খেলতে শুরু করি ঠিক ততক্ষণ সুন্দর এবং জঘন্য কাজ করছিল। এখন সমস্ত ব্যবহারকারী (রুট বাদে) বোর্কড। অ্যাডমিন / রুট গ্রুপে যুক্ত করার পরেও অন্যান্য ব্যবহারকারীদের সাথে (এসএসএস) লগইন করতে পারবেন না। এই ব্যবহারকারীদের সাথে এফটিপি করতে পারবেন না (vsftpd ব্যবহার করে)।
আমি ব্যবহারকারীর অপসারণ করেছি এবং / ইত্যাদি / ছায়া ফাইলটিতে প্রবেশের বিষয়টি সাফ করে দিয়েছি যা আমাকে ব্যবহারকারীর পাসওয়ার্ড পরিবর্তন করতে বাধা দিচ্ছিল। আমি নিম্নলিখিত কমান্ডটি ব্যবহার করে আবার ব্যবহারকারীকে যুক্ত করেছি:
useradd -d /path/to/home -s /path/to/shell -g admin username
আমি তখন পাসওয়ার্ড পরিবর্তন করেছি, যা কাজ করে। আমি তখন থেকে ব্যবহারকারীর (su - ব্যবহারকারীর নাম) স্যুইচ করার চেষ্টা করেছি এবং /var/log/auth.log এ নিম্নলিখিত এন্ট্রিটি পেয়েছি
Feb 15 09:37:55 myserve su[26682]: Successful su for username by root
Feb 15 09:37:55 myserve su[26682]: + /dev/pts/0 root:username
Feb 15 09:37:55 myserve su[26682]: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user username by root(uid=0)
Feb 15 09:37:55 myserve su[26682]: pam_unix(su:session): session closed for user username
আমি দেখতে পাচ্ছি যে সমস্যাটি একটি প্যাম সমস্যা হিসাবে উপস্থিত হয়েছে তবে আমি কীভাবে প্যাম পরিচালনা করব তা জানি না। আমি মনে করি এটি সম্ভবত ব্যবহারকারীর নামটি লক করে রেখেছিল। আমি সত্যিই সেই ব্যবহারকারীর নামটি ব্যবহার করতে চাই (কোনও নতুন তৈরি করতে হবে না) তবে এটি যদি নীচে আসে তবে আমি তা করব।
আমার আর একটি ব্যবহারকারীর নাম রয়েছে যা আমিও মামলা করতে পারি না। একই ত্রুটিটি auth.log এ উপস্থিত হয়
প্রকৃতপক্ষে পর্যালোচনা করার সময়, আমি দেখতে পাচ্ছি যে রুট ব্যতীত আমার কোনও ব্যবহারকারীই সিস্টেমে লগইন করতে পারবেন না।
আপডেট: পিএএম বিশদ অন্তর্ভুক্ত করুন
/etc/pam.d এর ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197 2009-11-23 15:11 atd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 384 2011-02-21 00:10 chfn
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 2011-02-21 00:10 chpasswd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 581 2011-02-21 00:10 chsh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1208 2011-05-10 07:17 common-account
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1221 2011-05-10 07:17 common-auth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1440 2011-05-10 07:17 common-password
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1156 2011-05-10 07:17 common-session
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1154 2011-05-10 07:17 common-session-noninteractive
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 531 2011-01-05 10:23 cron
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 81 2010-11-17 17:58 dovecot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4585 2011-02-21 00:10 login
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 2011-02-21 00:10 newusers
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 520 2011-04-14 16:40 other
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 2011-02-21 00:10 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 145 2010-12-14 17:08 pop3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 168 2011-02-04 08:41 ppp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1272 2010-04-07 02:50 sshd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2305 2011-02-21 00:10 su
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 119 2011-04-15 16:02 sudo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 2013-01-19 22:51 vsftpd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 139 2013-01-19 22:33 vsftpd.bak
আমি ব্যবহারকারীকে sshd এবং রুট গ্রুপে যুক্ত করেছি, তবে এখনও সেই ব্যবহারকারী হিসাবে লগইন করতে পারি না। ত্রুটিটি পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে যদিও:
Feb 15 14:11:51 myserve sshd[5433]: Accepted password for username from 81.56.236.66 port 56851 ssh2
Feb 15 14:11:51 myserve sshd[5433]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user username by (uid=0)
Feb 15 14:11:52 myserve sshd[5447]: Received disconnect from 81.56.236.66: 11: disconnected by user
Feb 15 14:11:52 myserve sshd[5433]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user username
Pam.d এ সমস্ত ফাইলের সম্পূর্ণ সামগ্রী
File: /etc/pam.d/atd
#
# The PAM configuration file for the at daemon
#
auth required pam_env.so
@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session-noninteractive
session required pam_limits.so
File: /etc/pam.d/chfn
#
# The PAM configuration file for the Shadow `chfn' service
#
# This allows root to change user infomation without being
# prompted for a password
auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
# The standard Unix authentication modules, used with
# NIS (man nsswitch) as well as normal /etc/passwd and
# /etc/shadow entries.
@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session
File: /etc/pam.d/chpasswd
# The PAM configuration file for the Shadow 'chpasswd' service
#
@include common-password
File: /etc/pam.d/chsh
#
# The PAM configuration file for the Shadow `chsh' service
#
# This will not allow a user to change their shell unless
# their current one is listed in /etc/shells. This keeps
# accounts with special shells from changing them.
auth required pam_shells.so
# This allows root to change user shell without being
# prompted for a password
auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
# The standard Unix authentication modules, used with
# NIS (man nsswitch) as well as normal /etc/passwd and
# /etc/shadow entries.
@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session
File: /etc/pam.d/common-account
#
# /etc/pam.d/common-account - authorization settings common to all services
#
# This file is included from other service-specific PAM config files,
# and should contain a list of the authorization modules that define
# the central access policy for use on the system. The default is to
# only deny service to users whose accounts are expired in /etc/shadow.
#
# As of pam 1.0.1-6, this file is managed by pam-auth-update by default.
# To take advantage of this, it is recommended that you configure any
# local modules either before or after the default block, and use
# pam-auth-update to manage selection of other modules. See
# pam-auth-update(8) for details.
#
# here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block)
account [success=1 new_authtok_reqd=done default=ignore] pam_unix.so
# here's the fallback if no module succeeds
account requisite pam_deny.so
# prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already;
# this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code
# since the modules above will each just jump around
account required pam_permit.so
# and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block)
# end of pam-auth-update config
File: /etc/pam.d/common-auth
#
# /etc/pam.d/common-auth - authentication settings common to all services
#
# This file is included from other service-specific PAM config files,
# and should contain a list of the authentication modules that define
# the central authentication scheme for use on the system
# (e.g., /etc/shadow, LDAP, Kerberos, etc.). The default is to use the
# traditional Unix authentication mechanisms.
#
# As of pam 1.0.1-6, this file is managed by pam-auth-update by default.
# To take advantage of this, it is recommended that you configure any
# local modules either before or after the default block, and use
# pam-auth-update to manage selection of other modules. See
# pam-auth-update(8) for details.
# here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block)
auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure
# here's the fallback if no module succeeds
auth requisite pam_deny.so
# prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already;
# this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code
# since the modules above will each just jump around
auth required pam_permit.so
# and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block)
# end of pam-auth-update config
File: /etc/pam.d/common-password
#
# /etc/pam.d/common-password - password-related modules common to all services
#
# This file is included from other service-specific PAM config files,
# and should contain a list of modules that define the services to be
# used to change user passwords. The default is pam_unix.
# Explanation of pam_unix options:
#
# The "sha512" option enables salted SHA512 passwords. Without this option,
# the default is Unix crypt. Prior releases used the option "md5".
#
# The "obscure" option replaces the old `OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB' option in
# login.defs.
#
# See the pam_unix manpage for other options.
# As of pam 1.0.1-6, this file is managed by pam-auth-update by default.
# To take advantage of this, it is recommended that you configure any
# local modules either before or after the default block, and use
# pam-auth-update to manage selection of other modules. See
# pam-auth-update(8) for details.
# here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block)
password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so obscure sha512
# here's the fallback if no module succeeds
password requisite pam_deny.so
# prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already;
# this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code
# since the modules above will each just jump around
password required pam_permit.so
# and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block)
# end of pam-auth-update config
File: /etc/pam.d/common-session
#
# /etc/pam.d/common-session - session-related modules common to all services
#
# This file is included from other service-specific PAM config files,
# and should contain a list of modules that define tasks to be performed
# at the start and end of sessions of *any* kind (both interactive and
# non-interactive).
#
# As of pam 1.0.1-6, this file is managed by pam-auth-update by default.
# To take advantage of this, it is recommended that you configure any
# local modules either before or after the default block, and use
# pam-auth-update to manage selection of other modules. See
# pam-auth-update(8) for details.
# here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block)
session [default=1] pam_permit.so
# here's the fallback if no module succeeds
session requisite pam_deny.so
# prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already;
# this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code
# since the modules above will each just jump around
session required pam_permit.so
# and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block)
session required pam_unix.so
# end of pam-auth-update config
File: /etc/pam.d/common-session-noninteractive
#
# /etc/pam.d/common-session-noninteractive - session-related modules
# common to all non-interactive services
#
# This file is included from other service-specific PAM config files,
# and should contain a list of modules that define tasks to be performed
# at the start and end of all non-interactive sessions.
#
# As of pam 1.0.1-6, this file is managed by pam-auth-update by default.
# To take advantage of this, it is recommended that you configure any
# local modules either before or after the default block, and use
# pam-auth-update to manage selection of other modules. See
# pam-auth-update(8) for details.
# here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block)
session [default=1] pam_permit.so
# here's the fallback if no module succeeds
session requisite pam_deny.so
# prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already;
# this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code
# since the modules above will each just jump around
session required pam_permit.so
# and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block)
session required pam_unix.so
# end of pam-auth-update config
File: /etc/pam.d/cron
#
# The PAM configuration file for the cron daemon
#
@include common-auth
# Read environment variables from pam_env's default files, /etc/environment
# and /etc/security/pam_env.conf.
session required pam_env.so
# In addition, read system locale information
session required pam_env.so envfile=/etc/default/locale
@include common-account
@include common-session-noninteractive
# Sets up user limits, please define limits for cron tasks
# through /etc/security/limits.conf
session required pam_limits.so
File: /etc/pam.d/dovecot
#%PAM-1.0
@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session
File: /etc/pam.d/login
#
# The PAM configuration file for the Shadow `login' service
#
# Enforce a minimal delay in case of failure (in microseconds).
# (Replaces the `FAIL_DELAY' setting from login.defs)
# Note that other modules may require another minimal delay. (for example,
# to disable any delay, you should add the nodelay option to pam_unix)
auth optional pam_faildelay.so delay=3000000
# Outputs an issue file prior to each login prompt (Replaces the
# ISSUE_FILE option from login.defs). Uncomment for use
# auth required pam_issue.so issue=/etc/issue
# Disallows root logins except on tty's listed in /etc/securetty
# (Replaces the `CONSOLE' setting from login.defs)
#
# With the default control of this module:
# [success=ok new_authtok_reqd=ok ignore=ignore user_unknown=bad default=die]
# root will not be prompted for a password on insecure lines.
# if an invalid username is entered, a password is prompted (but login
# will eventually be rejected)
#
# You can change it to a "requisite" module if you think root may mis-type
# her login and should not be prompted for a password in that case. But
# this will leave the system as vulnerable to user enumeration attacks.
#
# You can change it to a "required" module if you think it permits to
# guess valid user names of your system (invalid user names are considered
# as possibly being root on insecure lines), but root passwords may be
# communicated over insecure lines.
auth [success=ok new_authtok_reqd=ok ignore=ignore user_unknown=bad default=die] pam_securetty.so
# Disallows other than root logins when /etc/nologin exists
# (Replaces the `NOLOGINS_FILE' option from login.defs)
auth requisite pam_nologin.so
# SELinux needs to be the first session rule. This ensures that any
# lingering context has been cleared. Without out this it is possible
# that a module could execute code in the wrong domain.
# When the module is present, "required" would be sufficient (When SELinux
# is disabled, this returns success.)
session [success=ok ignore=ignore module_unknown=ignore default=bad] pam_selinux.so close
# This module parses environment configuration file(s)
# and also allows you to use an extended config
# file /etc/security/pam_env.conf.
#
# parsing /etc/environment needs "readenv=1"
session required pam_env.so readenv=1
# locale variables are also kept into /etc/default/locale in etch
# reading this file *in addition to /etc/environment* does not hurt
session required pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale
# Standard Un*x authentication.
@include common-auth
# This allows certain extra groups to be granted to a user
# based on things like time of day, tty, service, and user.
# Please edit /etc/security/group.conf to fit your needs
# (Replaces the `CONSOLE_GROUPS' option in login.defs)
auth optional pam_group.so
# Uncomment and edit /etc/security/time.conf if you need to set
# time restrainst on logins.
# (Replaces the `PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB' option from login.defs
# as well as /etc/porttime)
# account requisite pam_time.so
# Uncomment and edit /etc/security/access.conf if you need to
# set access limits.
# (Replaces /etc/login.access file)
# account required pam_access.so
# Sets up user limits according to /etc/security/limits.conf
# (Replaces the use of /etc/limits in old login)
session required pam_limits.so
# Prints the last login info upon succesful login
# (Replaces the `LASTLOG_ENAB' option from login.defs)
session optional pam_lastlog.so
# Prints the motd upon succesful login
# (Replaces the `MOTD_FILE' option in login.defs)
session optional pam_motd.so
# Prints the status of the user's mailbox upon succesful login
# (Replaces the `MAIL_CHECK_ENAB' option from login.defs).
#
# This also defines the MAIL environment variable
# However, userdel also needs MAIL_DIR and MAIL_FILE variables
# in /etc/login.defs to make sure that removing a user
# also removes the user's mail spool file.
# See comments in /etc/login.defs
session optional pam_mail.so standard
# Standard Un*x account and session
@include common-account
@include common-session
@include common-password
# SELinux needs to intervene at login time to ensure that the process
# starts in the proper default security context. Only sessions which are
# intended to run in the user's context should be run after this.
session [success=ok ignore=ignore module_unknown=ignore default=bad] pam_selinux.so open
# When the module is present, "required" would be sufficient (When SELinux
# is disabled, this returns success.)
File: /etc/pam.d/newusers
# The PAM configuration file for the Shadow 'newusers' service
#
@include common-password
File: /etc/pam.d/other
#
# /etc/pam.d/other - specify the PAM fallback behaviour
#
# Note that this file is used for any unspecified service; for example
#if /etc/pam.d/cron specifies no session modules but cron calls
#pam_open_session, the session module out of /etc/pam.d/other is
#used. If you really want nothing to happen then use pam_permit.so or
#pam_deny.so as appropriate.
# We fall back to the system default in /etc/pam.d/common-*
#
@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-password
@include common-session
File: /etc/pam.d/passwd
#
# The PAM configuration file for the Shadow `passwd' service
#
@include common-password
File: /etc/pam.d/pop3
# PAM configuration file for Courier POP3 daemon
@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-password
@include common-session
File: /etc/pam.d/ppp
#%PAM-1.0
# Information for the PPPD process with the 'login' option.
auth required pam_nologin.so
@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session
File: /etc/pam.d/sshd
# PAM configuration for the Secure Shell service
# Read environment variables from /etc/environment and
# /etc/security/pam_env.conf.
auth required pam_env.so # [1]
# In Debian 4.0 (etch), locale-related environment variables were moved to
# /etc/default/locale, so read that as well.
auth required pam_env.so envfile=/etc/default/locale
# Standard Un*x authentication.
@include common-auth
# Disallow non-root logins when /etc/nologin exists.
account required pam_nologin.so
# Uncomment and edit /etc/security/access.conf if you need to set complex
# access limits that are hard to express in sshd_config.
# account required pam_access.so
# Standard Un*x authorization.
@include common-account
# Standard Un*x session setup and teardown.
@include common-session
# Print the message of the day upon successful login.
session optional pam_motd.so # [1]
# Print the status of the user's mailbox upon successful login.
session optional pam_mail.so standard noenv # [1]
# Set up user limits from /etc/security/limits.conf.
session required pam_limits.so
# Set up SELinux capabilities (need modified pam)
# session required pam_selinux.so multiple
# Standard Un*x password updating.
@include common-password
File: /etc/pam.d/su
#
# The PAM configuration file for the Shadow `su' service
#
# This allows root to su without passwords (normal operation)
auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
# Uncomment this to force users to be a member of group root
# before they can use `su'. You can also add "group=foo"
# to the end of this line if you want to use a group other
# than the default "root" (but this may have side effect of
# denying "root" user, unless she's a member of "foo" or explicitly
# permitted earlier by e.g. "sufficient pam_rootok.so").
# (Replaces the `SU_WHEEL_ONLY' option from login.defs)
# auth required pam_wheel.so
# Uncomment this if you want wheel members to be able to
# su without a password.
# auth sufficient pam_wheel.so trust
# Uncomment this if you want members of a specific group to not
# be allowed to use su at all.
# auth required pam_wheel.so deny group=nosu
# Uncomment and edit /etc/security/time.conf if you need to set
# time restrainst on su usage.
# (Replaces the `PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB' option from login.defs
# as well as /etc/porttime)
# account requisite pam_time.so
# This module parses environment configuration file(s)
# and also allows you to use an extended config
# file /etc/security/pam_env.conf.
#
# parsing /etc/environment needs "readenv=1"
session required pam_env.so readenv=1
# locale variables are also kept into /etc/default/locale in etch
# reading this file *in addition to /etc/environment* does not hurt
session required pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale
# Defines the MAIL environment variable
# However, userdel also needs MAIL_DIR and MAIL_FILE variables
# in /etc/login.defs to make sure that removing a user
# also removes the user's mail spool file.
# See comments in /etc/login.defs
#
# "nopen" stands to avoid reporting new mail when su'ing to another user
session optional pam_mail.so nopen
# Sets up user limits, please uncomment and read /etc/security/limits.conf
# to enable this functionality.
# (Replaces the use of /etc/limits in old login)
# session required pam_limits.so
# The standard Unix authentication modules, used with
# NIS (man nsswitch) as well as normal /etc/passwd and
# /etc/shadow entries.
@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session
File: /etc/pam.d/sudo
#%PAM-1.0
@include common-auth
@include common-account
session required pam_permit.so
session required pam_limits.so
File: /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
auth required pam_pwdfile.so pwdfile /etc/vsftpd/ftpd.passwd
account required pam_permit.so
File: /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.bak
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login crypt=hash
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login crypt=hash
হাই @osgx, সিস্টেম হ'ল একটি ভিপিএস ক্লাউড (উবুন্টু 11.04 এলএএমপি x64)। আমি pam.d এর সামগ্রীটি মূল পোস্টে যুক্ত করব। আপনার অনুরোধে "এবং সামগ্রী" বলতে কী বোঝায়?
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tadywankenobi
for a in /etc/pam.d/*;do echo "File: $a"; cat $a;done
যোগ করা হয়েছে এখন সেখানে @osgx। আপনার সাহায্যের জন্য এবং এটি দেখার জন্য একটি মিলকে ধন্যবাদ।
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tadywankenobi
অথবা প্যাম ত্রুটিগুলির জন্য পামের ডিবাগিং সক্ষম করতে পারে এবং ডিবাগ.লগ পরীক্ষা করতে পারে ?
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osgx
ls -l) এবং সামগ্রী উভয়ই দেখান । আপনার লিনাক্স কি?